Scar tissue (adhesions) may also form between the joint capsule and the head of the humerus. A shoulder is "frozen" when the capsule protecting the glenohumeral joint contracts and stiffens. Normally, the head of the humerus moves smoothly in the glenoid cavity, a depression in the scapula. This elaborate architecture of soft tissues accounts for the shoulder's marvelous flexibility, but also makes it vulnerable to trauma as well as chronic wear and tear. The band of muscles and tendons that stabilizes the shoulder and controls its movements is called the rotator cuff. The capsule is surrounded by ligaments that connect bones to bones, tendons that fasten muscles to bones, and fluid-filled sacs called bursae that cushion tendons and bones during motion. A flexible capsule filled with a lubricant called synovial fluid protects the joint and helps keep it moving smoothly. The glenohumeral joint helps move the shoulder forward and backward and allows the arm to rotate and extend outward from the body. It pivots mainly on a ball-and-socket arrangement called the glenohumeral joint, which joins the top of the humerus (upper arm bone) to a scooped-out part of the scapula (shoulder blade) called the glenoid cavity (see the illustration below). The shoulder has a wider and more varied range of motion than any other part of the body. Although the pain may slowly improve, stiffness continues, and range of motion remains limited. dull, aching pain that increases as the disease progresses, and may worsen when you move your arm.Ī frozen shoulder may take two to nine months to develop.stiffness that worsens at first, but gradually begins to improve over time.With frozen shoulder, the shoulder feels stiff, painful, and has limited motion in all directions. It affects mainly people ages 40 to 60 with women affected more often than men. The resulting disability can be serious, and the condition tends to get worse with time if it's not treated. Frozen shoulder (also called adhesive capsulitis) is a common disorder that causes pain, stiffness, and loss of normal range of motion in the shoulder.
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